1. Competition within the folder-gluer industry. There may be several reasons leading to intensified competition within the industry: The first is the slow growth of the industry and the fierce competition for market share; the second is the large number of competitors, and the competitiveness is roughly equal; The third is that the products or services provided by competitors are roughly the same, or there are few obvious differences; Fourth, for the benefit of economies of scale, certain companies have expanded their production scales, the market balance has been broken, and there has been a large excess of products, and companies have begun to resort to price-cutting competition.

2. The bargaining power of customers in the folder-gluer industry. Industry customers may be consumers or users of industry products, or commodity buyers. The bargaining power of customers is reflected in whether they can prompt sellers to reduce prices, improve product quality or provide better services.

3. The bargaining power of suppliers in the folder-gluer industry is reflected in whether suppliers can effectively urge buyers to accept higher prices, earlier payment times or more reliable payment methods.

4. The threat of potential competitors in the folder-gluer industry. Potential competitors refer to those companies that may enter the industry to participate in competition. They will bring new production capacity and share existing resources and market shares. As a result, industry production costs will rise. Market competition has intensified, product prices have fallen, and industry profits have decreased.

5. The pressure of alternative products in the folder-gluer industry refers to the competitive pressure of products that have the same functions or can meet the same needs and can replace each other.